Jun 3, 2013 · Azithromycin is usually taken for 3 to 5 days, or longer for more serious infections. For some infections a single 1 or 2 g dose is prescribed. Children: The recommended azithromycin dose in this dosage form in children is based on weight and ranges from 5 mg to 20 mg per kilogram of body weight per day. Azithromycin is usually taken for 3 to 5 ... Bottle containing 2 g azithromycin for constitution with 60 mL of water (final concentration 27 mg/mL). (3) CONTRAINDICATIONS ----- Hypersensitivity to azithromycin, erythromycin, or any macrolide or ketolide drug. (4.1) History of cholestatic jaundice/hepatic dysfunction associated with prior use of azithromycin. (4.2)Most children with “Severe CAP” will be in the PICU, but some may be in an intermediate-status bed outside the PICU. Table 1: Hospitalized children with CAP are defined as having “Severe CAP” if they have ANY Major Criteria OR two or more Minor Criteria: ANY Major Criteria: • Invasive mechanical ventilationJul 15, 2020 · The American Thoracic Society (ATS) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) recently updated their recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP ... Pediatric Appropriate studies have not been performed on the relationship of age to the effects of azithromycin to treat sinusitis in children or to treat pneumonia in children younger than 6 months of age. Safety and efficacy have not been established.Jun 7, 2013 · Azithromycin is an antibiotic that is commonly prescribed for upper and lower respiratory tract infections in children. While it has proven benefits, some concerns regarding azithromycin use have arisen in recent years. This practice point considers azithromycin therapy for acute respiratory infections in otherwise healthy children. The safety of re-dosing azithromycin in pediatric patients who vomit after receiving 30 mg/kg as a single dose has not been established. In clinical studies involving 487 patients with acute otitis media given a single 30 mg/kg dose of azithromycin, 8 patients who vomited within 30 minutes of dosing were re-dosed at the same total dose.Azithromycin has a long half-life in both adults (40 to 68 hours) and children (32 to 64 hours), which is partially explained by its extensive tissue uptake and slow release. Elimination is largely in the feces, following excretion into the bile, with less than 14% excreted in the urine. The pediatric dosage for azithromycin is not well established; however, 1 small study reports a dosage of 5 mg/kg daily was effective at treating BKC. 41 Gastrointestinal upset is common with oral macrolides, although it occurs less frequently with azithromycin and clarithromycin than erythromycin. 42In children under 45 kg body weight: Zithromax Suspension should be used for children under 45 kg. There is no information on children less than 6 months of age. The dose in children is 10 mg/kg as a single daily dose for 3 days: Up to 15 kg (less than 3 years): Measure the dose as closely as possible using the 10 ml oral dosing syringe ...Generic azithromycin is covered by most Medicare and insurance plans, but some pharmacy coupons or cash prices may be lower. Prices Medicare Drug Info Side Effects Images Azithromycin ( Zithromax ) is an inexpensive drug used to treat or prevent certain kinds of bacterial infections. We recommend formal clinical trials of azithromycin in its prepackaged form at the first sign of COVID-19 infection in adults and children, using an initial adult dose of 500 mg followed by 250 mg per day for 4 days, a total cumulative dose of 1.5 g, and for children 5 to 18 years of age, 10 mg/kg on the first day followed by 5 mg/kg for 4 days.Abstract. Objective: Intravenous azithromycin (AZM) has been widely used in children worldwide, but there still remains much concern regarding its off-label use, which urgently needs to be regulated. Therefore, we developed a rapid advice guideline in China to give recommendations of rational use of intravenous AZM in children. Children under 50kg Azithromycin Age 12+ Children 50kg + 500mg daily 10mg per kg daily Day 1: 5mg per kg 2 divided doses Subsequent days: 2.5mg per kg or up to 5mg/kg in severe cases 200mg 2x per day or 400mg daily + Enhanced dose Doxycycline and azithromycin have no marketing authorisation in the UK for children under 12. However, use in ...Azithromycin has a long half-life in both adults (40 to 68 hours) and children (32 to 64 hours), which is partially explained by its extensive tissue uptake and slow release. Elimination is largely in the feces, following excretion into the bile, with less than 14% excreted in the urine.Azithromycin is a type of antibiotic called a macrolide. Your child should not have Azithromycin if they are allergic to any macrolide antibiotics (for example, Erythromycin or Clarithromycin). If your child has ever had an allergic reaction or any other type of reaction to a medicine, tell your doctor before giving Azithromycin.The safety of re-dosing azithromycin in pediatric patients who vomit after receiving 30 mg/kg as a single dose has not been established. In clinical studies involving 487 patients with acute otitis media given a single 30 mg/kg dose of azithromycin, 8 patients who vomited within 30 minutes of dosing were re-dosed at the same total dose.Consider 10day course for children- : with significant early URI symptoms and <2 [II, D*]years old, with possible sinusitis, and with possible strep throat . Adults: either 875 mg BID x 10 days or 500 mg 2 tabs BID x 10 days [I, C*]. In the event of allergy to amoxicillin, azithromycin (Zithromax) dosed at 30 mg/kg for one dose is theThe present guideline is for community-acquired infectious diarrhea and traveler's diarrhea in adults with the exception of Clostridioides difficile infection and immune-suppressed patients. Moreover, the guideline focused on the use of antibiotics in treatment. Although antidiarrheal agents and probiotics were included, intravenous hydration ...Call your child's doctor right away if your child feels irritable or vomits after feeding. These may be symptoms of a condition called infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Azithromycin may cause diarrhea, and in some cases it can be severe. It may occur 2 months or more after you stop using this medicine.For children taking a five-day course of Zithromax, the most common side effects include: Diarrhea and loose stools Abdominal pain Vomiting Nausea Rash HeadacheAzithromycin should not be used to treat acute pharyngitis, acute otitis media or community-acquired pneumonia in otherwise healthy children, except in the following cases: Azithromycin should be used as a second-line treatment in cases of life-threatening beta-lactam allergy, to treat acute... ...Introduction Azithromycin is widely used in children not only in the treatment of individual children with infectious diseases, but also as mass drug administration (MDA) within a community to eradicate or control specific tropical diseases. MDA has also been reported to have a beneficial effect on child mortality and morbidity. However, concerns have been raised about the safety of ...May 5, 2023 · Usual Pediatric Dose for: Otitis Media Legionella Pneumonia Call your child's doctor right away if your child feels irritable or vomits after feeding. These may be symptoms of a condition called infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Azithromycin may cause diarrhea, and in some cases it can be severe. It may occur 2 months or more after you stop using this medicine.The present guideline is for community-acquired infectious diarrhea and traveler's diarrhea in adults with the exception of Clostridioides difficile infection and immune-suppressed patients. Moreover, the guideline focused on the use of antibiotics in treatment. Although antidiarrheal agents and probiotics were included, intravenous hydration ...Azithromycin was also as effective as either phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V), erythromycin, clarithromycin or cefaclor against streptococcal pharyngitis or tonsillitis in children, but appears to result in more recurrence of infection than phenoxymethylpenicillin in this indication, necessitating a dosage of 12 mg/kg/day for 5 days. Our findings do not support the use of azithromycin in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. We thank Jigar Patel and colleagues for their comments. The mean duration of symptoms at enrolment was 5·77 days (SD 3·49) in the azithromycin group and 6·27 days (3·55) in the standard care group. 19 (13%) of 147 participants in the azithromycin ...For example, macrolides represented by azithromycin were used to reduce airway inflammation in children with severe asthma, CF, non-CF bronchiectasis, etc. 5,13,14 Therefore, this review aims to ...Nov 1, 2018 · Campylobacter is one of the 2 most common causes of foodborne illness in the United States. It most commonly occurs in children younger than 5 years of age. Campylobacter species can cause a wide range of syndromes, from asymptomatic infections to severe systemic infections.After completing this article, readers should be able to:Campylobacter species are an important cause of infection ... Whether given all on 1 day, or divided over 3 days or over 5 days, the total amount of azithromycin you give to your child should be the same. For Pneumonia. For pneumonia, your child’s doctor will tell you to give azithromycin to your child by dividing the total amount into 1 dose-per-day for 5 days, with a double dose on the first day. Aug 31, 2021 · In this meta-analysis of the application of azithromycin in the treatment of infectious diseases in children, a total of nine studies involving 3,597 patients were included. The results showed that the clinical safety of azithromycin was relatively better than that of other antibiotics, but care should be taken when the dosage is high in ... Jul 18, 2023 · Zithromax is most familiar to the public as the “Z-Pak,” a convenient five-day pill regimen with a dose of 500 mg (2 tablets of 250 mg) the first day and 250 mg for the remaining four days. But, as of 2022, Zithromax comes in several dosages and forms, including oral tablets and liquids for oral use, injections and intravenous drips. Aug 10, 2023 · Children in the youngest age group (1 to 5 months of age) had the highest overall mortality and the largest observed difference in mortality with azithromycin as compared with placebo (24.9% lower ... Most of the time, this reaction has signs like fever, rash, or swollen glands with problems in body organs like the liver, kidney, blood, heart, muscles and joints, or lungs. If you have questions, talk with the doctor. Severe heart rhythm changes like prolonged QT interval have happened with this drug.Jul 15, 2020 · The American Thoracic Society (ATS) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) recently updated their recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP ... PO (Children >6 mo): 10 mg/kg on 1st day, then 5 mg/kg once daily for 4 more days. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease. IV PO (Adults): 500 mg IV every 24 hr for 1–2 days, then 250 mg PO every 24 hr for a total of 7 days. Endocarditis Prophylaxis. PO (Adults): 500 mg 1 hr before procedure. PO (Children): 15 mg/kg 1 hr before procedure. May 5, 2023 · Usual Pediatric Dose for: Otitis Media Legionella Pneumonia Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in children and are associated with significant morbidity. Up to 7% of girls and 2% of boys have had a UTI by six years of age. 1 The recurrence rate is ...Aug 31, 2021 · In this meta-analysis of the application of azithromycin in the treatment of infectious diseases in children, a total of nine studies involving 3,597 patients were included. The results showed that the clinical safety of azithromycin was relatively better than that of other antibiotics, but care should be taken when the dosage is high in ... Common azithromycin side effects may include: diarrhea; nausea, vomiting, stomach pain; or. headache. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. Azithromycin side effects (more detail)A type of macrolide antibiotic, azithromycin works primarily by preventing the growth of bacteria. It helps your immune system get rid of the infection that’s causing your symptoms. 5 pharmacist-backed tips for taking azithromycin. Azithromycin is generally an effective antibiotic for adults and children aged 6 months and older.Nov 1, 2018 · Campylobacter is one of the 2 most common causes of foodborne illness in the United States. It most commonly occurs in children younger than 5 years of age. Campylobacter species can cause a wide range of syndromes, from asymptomatic infections to severe systemic infections.After completing this article, readers should be able to:Campylobacter species are an important cause of infection ... It is most common among children 5 through 15 years of age. It is rare in children younger than 3 years of age. The most common risk factor is close contact with another person with group A strep pharyngitis. Adults at increased risk for group A strep pharyngitis include: Parents of school-aged children; Adults who are often in contact with ... Nov 1, 2018 · Campylobacter is one of the 2 most common causes of foodborne illness in the United States. It most commonly occurs in children younger than 5 years of age. Campylobacter species can cause a wide range of syndromes, from asymptomatic infections to severe systemic infections.After completing this article, readers should be able to:Campylobacter species are an important cause of infection ... Jul 12, 2019 · Azithromycin is an antibiotic drug. It can help treat a range of bacterial infections that affect the lungs, sinuses, skin, and other parts of the body. ... certain ear infections in children aged ... For the 10-day period after the prescription was filled, azithromycin use was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular death (hazard ratio, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.27 to 2.73; P=0.002), but the ...For example, macrolides represented by azithromycin were used to reduce airway inflammation in children with severe asthma, CF, non-CF bronchiectasis, etc. 5,13,14 Therefore, this review aims to ...The safety of re-dosing azithromycin in pediatric patients who vomit after receiving 30 mg/kg as a single dose has not been established. In clinical studies involving 487 patients with acute otitis media given a single 30 mg/kg dose of azithromycin, 8 patients who vomited within 30 minutes of dosing were re-dosed at the same total dose.Uses. Azithromycin is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. It is a macrolide-type antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.This medication will not work for viral ...Azithromycin down‐regulated interleukin‐5(IL‐5) production in Th2 cells isolated from asthmatic children and cultured in ex vivo, 26 the central role of IL‐5 in the pathogenesis of asthma has been widely demonstrated. Therefore, these findings demonstrate the immunomodulatory properties of the antimicrobial activity of azithromycin and ...Abstract. Objective: Intravenous azithromycin (AZM) has been widely used in children worldwide, but there still remains much concern regarding its off-label use, which urgently needs to be regulated. Therefore, we developed a rapid advice guideline in China to give recommendations of rational use of intravenous AZM in children.Children 2 years of age and older—Dose is based on body weight and must be determined by your doctor. The dose is usually 12 milligrams (mg) per kilogram (kg) of body weight once a day for 5 days. Children younger than 2 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.reduce child mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LmICs). mass drug administration of azithromycin (mDA-azithromycin) has been effective in containing trachoma 2. recent studies have suggested that mDA-azithromycin can reduce child mortality rates3,4. Azithromycin isAzithromycin is approved in both adults and children aged ≥ 6 months. First approved in the USA in 1991, it has been administered to numerous patients and its tolerance is well known. The most frequent adverse drug reactions are related to the gastrointestinal tract (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or abdominal pain).Bottle containing 2 g azithromycin for constitution with 60 mL of water (final concentration 27 mg/mL). (3) CONTRAINDICATIONS ----- Hypersensitivity to azithromycin, erythromycin, or any macrolide or ketolide drug. (4.1) History of cholestatic jaundice/hepatic dysfunction associated with prior use of azithromycin. (4.2)azithromycin for Indigenous children with non-cystic-fibrosis bronchiectasis or chronic suppurative lung disease (Bronchiectasis Intervention Study): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 2013;1(8):610-20. 13. Wilms E, Touw D, Heijerman HM, van der Ent C. Azithromycin maintenance therapy inPediatric Appropriate studies have not been performed on the relationship of age to the effects of azithromycin to treat sinusitis in children or to treat pneumonia in children younger than 6 months of age. Safety and efficacy have not been established.Common azithromycin side effects may include: diarrhea; nausea, vomiting, stomach pain; or. headache. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. Azithromycin side effects (more detail)The present guideline is for community-acquired infectious diarrhea and traveler's diarrhea in adults with the exception of Clostridioides difficile infection and immune-suppressed patients. Moreover, the guideline focused on the use of antibiotics in treatment. Although antidiarrheal agents and probiotics were included, intravenous hydration ...Sep 27, 2021 · 7/14 azithromycin group vs. 1/15 placebo group (p = 0.026) Garnier (2016) Retrospective study: 51 patients with suppurated CSD’s lymphadenitis treated with oral azithromycin: Mean age 26.3 years 17/51 (33%) < 15 years: Group 1: 26 (51%) oral azithromycin without intranodal injection of gentamicin Group 2: Dec 1, 2007 · A single dose of parenteral ceftriaxone (Rocephin, 50 mg per kg) may be useful in children with vomiting or in whom compliance is a concern. 1 Single-dose azithromycin is safe and effective in ... Generic azithromycin is covered by most Medicare and insurance plans, but some pharmacy coupons or cash prices may be lower. Prices Medicare Drug Info Side Effects Images Azithromycin ( Zithromax ) is an inexpensive drug used to treat or prevent certain kinds of bacterial infections.Data are limited regarding the effectiveness and optimal dose of azithromycin for treating chlamydial infection among infants and children weighing <45 kg. For children weighing ≥45 kg but aged <8 years: Azithromycin 1 g orally in a single dose. For children aged ≥8 years: Azithromycin 1 g orally in a single dose. or. We recommend formal clinical trials of azithromycin in its prepackaged form at the first sign of COVID-19 infection in adults and children, using an initial adult dose of 500 mg followed by 250 mg per day for 4 days, a total cumulative dose of 1.5 g, and for children 5 to 18 years of age, 10 mg/kg on the first day followed by 5 mg/kg for 4 days.Azithromycin, as the monohydrate, is a white crystalline powder with a molecular formula of C 38 H 72 N 2 O 12 ·H 2 O and a molecular weight of 767. Azithromycin for Injection, USP consists of azithromycin monohydrate USP and the following inactive ingredients: citric acid and sodium hydroxide. Sodium hydroxide is added to adjust the pH.[3-12-2013] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is warning the public that azithromycin (Zithromax or Zmax) can cause abnormal changes in the electrical activity of the heart that may lead ...Older adults may be more likely to have side effects on heart rhythm, including a life-threatening fast heart rate. Common Zithromax side effects may include: diarrhea; nausea, vomiting, stomach pain; or. headache. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects.Azithromycin 200mg/5ml 10mg/kg on day 1, then 5mg/kg days 2-5 Weight based dosing: 10mg/kg on day 1, then 5mg/kg on days 2-5. Sulfamethoxazole / Trimethoprim Strength 200mg/40mg / 5ml 6-13mg/kg/day based on TMP 32mg q 12 h 4ml 50mg q12 h 6. 4 ml 60mg q 12 h 7.5ml 70mg q 12 h 8.8 80mg q 12 h 10ml 90mg q 12 h 11. 110mg q 12 h 13.8 120mg q 12 h 15 ... Azithromycin sometimes is prescribed to treat moderate to severe acne. It also may be administered to children in intensive care. Azithromycin also has been investigated in combination with hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19, however it has not been shown to be effective.Consider 10day course for children- : with significant early URI symptoms and <2 [II, D*]years old, with possible sinusitis, and with possible strep throat . Adults: either 875 mg BID x 10 days or 500 mg 2 tabs BID x 10 days [I, C*]. In the event of allergy to amoxicillin, azithromycin (Zithromax) dosed at 30 mg/kg for one dose is theAzithromycin should not be used to treat acute pharyngitis, acute otitis media or community-acquired pneumonia in otherwise healthy children, except in the following cases: Azithromycin should be used as a second-line treatment in cases of life-threatening beta-lactam allergy, to treat acute... ...Azitromicina em bronquiolite aguda. Acute bronchiolitis is a leading cause of hospitalization due to respiratory problems in infants and young children. Among the possible etiologic agents, viruses predominate, the most common being respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and rhinovirus. 1. In humans and in animal models, RSV infection is followed by ...Azithromycin is a type of antibiotic called a macrolide. Your child should not have Azithromycin if they are allergic to any macrolide antibiotics (for example, Erythromycin or Clarithromycin). If your child has ever had an allergic reaction or any other type of reaction to a medicine, tell your doctor before giving Azithromycin.Dec 1, 2007 · A single dose of parenteral ceftriaxone (Rocephin, 50 mg per kg) may be useful in children with vomiting or in whom compliance is a concern. 1 Single-dose azithromycin is safe and effective in ... UKHSA advises azithromycin is used for prevention of secondary cases of invasive group A streptococcal infection, but it is not licensed for this indication. With oral use in children: Azithromycin may be used as detailed below, although these situations are considered outside the scope of its licence: Contact your healthcare provider immediately if you are giving azithromycin for oral suspension to a young child (less than 6 weeks of age) and he or she vomits or becomes irritable when fed. Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and non-prescription medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.
Oral tetracyclines should be avoided in children under 12 years of age [1,11]. In younger children, erythromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin are used [3,4]. Other treatments reported to be effective for periorificial dermatitis include: 1% topical ivermectin [20] 20% azelaic acid cream [6] Topical tacrolimus [14] and pimecrolimus [21 .... My family
Posology. Zithromax should be given as a single daily dose. Zithromax Suspension can be taken with or without food. Children over 45 kg body weight and adults, including elderly patients: The total dose of azithromycin is 1500 mg which should be given over three days (500 mg once daily). Azithromycin may be used as detailed below, although these situations are considered outside the scope of its licence: chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis; dose for uncomplicated genital chlamydia; A. Lyme disease; A. mild to moderate typhoid due to multiple-antibacterial resistant organisms.Azithromycin has a long half-life in both adults (40 to 68 hours) and children (32 to 64 hours), which is partially explained by its extensive tissue uptake and slow release. Elimination is largely in the feces, following excretion into the bile, with less than 14% excreted in the urine.Expect it to be a not-so fun taste for your child, so some parents will mix it with sugar. Prescribing guidelines: Liquid Azithromycin (name brand = Zithromax) comes in 200 mg/5 mL in 15 mL, 22.5 mL, and 30 mL bottle sizes. For children aged 1 year and older we need 30 mg/kg total, typically dosed as 10 mg/kg over 3 days.Azithromycin is excreted in breast milk. Because of the long half-life, accumulation in the milk is possible. Information available from published literature indicates that, in short-term use, this does not lead to clinically relevant quantities in the milk. No serious side effects have been observed by azithromycin in breast-fed children.Children 2 years of age and older—Dose is based on body weight and must be determined by your doctor. The dose is usually 12 milligrams (mg) per kilogram (kg) of body weight once a day for 5 days. Children younger than 2 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.Campylobacter is one of the 2 most common causes of foodborne illness in the United States. It most commonly occurs in children younger than 5 years of age. Campylobacter species can cause a wide range of syndromes, from asymptomatic infections to severe systemic infections.After completing this article, readers should be able to:Campylobacter species are an important cause of infection ...In children under 45 kg body weight: Zithromax Suspension should be used for children under 45 kg. There is no information on children less than 6 months of age. The dose in children is 10 mg/kg as a single daily dose for 3 days: Up to 15 kg (less than 3 years): Measure the dose as closely as possible using the 10 ml oral dosing syringe ...Respiratory-tract infections, otitis media, skin and soft-tissue infections. By mouth. Child 6 months–17 years. 10 mg/kg once daily (max. per dose 500 mg) for 3 days. Child 6 months–17 years (body-weight 15–25 kg) 200 mg once daily for 3 days. Child 6 months–17 years (body-weight 26–35 kg) 300 mg once daily for 3 days.Consider 10day course for children- : with significant early URI symptoms and <2 [II, D*]years old, with possible sinusitis, and with possible strep throat . Adults: either 875 mg BID x 10 days or 500 mg 2 tabs BID x 10 days [I, C*]. In the event of allergy to amoxicillin, azithromycin (Zithromax) dosed at 30 mg/kg for one dose is the Children & Adolescents: 5 mL/dose QID Oxacillin 100 -200 mg/kg/day (Max: 2 g/dose) Q4 6 Penicillin G 100,000 250,000 units/kg/day Q4 6 (Premixed: 1 million, 2 million, 3 million units) Penicillin V Pneumococcal prophylaxis: < 3 years: 125 mg BID > 3 years - 5 years: 250 mg BID Azithromycin is an antibiotic drug. It can help treat a range of bacterial infections that affect the lungs, sinuses, skin, and other parts of the body. ... certain ear infections in children aged ...Aug 1, 2023 · Call your child's doctor right away if your child feels irritable or vomits after feeding. These may be symptoms of a condition called infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Azithromycin may cause diarrhea, and in some cases it can be severe. It may occur 2 months or more after you stop using this medicine. PO (Children >6 mo): 10 mg/kg on 1st day, then 5 mg/kg once daily for 4 more days. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease. IV PO (Adults): 500 mg IV every 24 hr for 1–2 days, then 250 mg PO every 24 hr for a total of 7 days. Endocarditis Prophylaxis. PO (Adults): 500 mg 1 hr before procedure. PO (Children): 15 mg/kg 1 hr before procedure. .